Hybrid Silicon and Lithium Niobate Modulator

Hybrid Lithium Niobate (LN) and Silicon photonic (SiPh) integration platform has emerged as a promising candidate to combine the scalability of silicon photonics with the excellent modulation performance of LN. Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) based on this platform exhibit outstanding performance with low insertion loss, low drive voltage, and large bandwidth. In this paper, we discuss the technologies for realizing hybrid LN/SiPh platform. The configuration and key metrics of LN/SiPh MZM are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, various functional devices derived from the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration are also reviewed.