A comprehensive approach to objective quantification of orbital dimensions.

rbital cial rophliniertel for culsymsoft echto ients an disan chand rtips ith e a ugh e, s in exunil mild p ger. B grap antif oni rim r ment ns d os a ist: l the b phy a and n lu CT, R t ent o ntent. A was u use o segm erio app al c ct bital s imp at t tant f ere i bital v t al r cm c uk e ich e ng i askin e ma b late e to s postry, he position of the globe relative to the lateral o im is subject to considerable individual and ra ariations. Although several methods have been p osed to evaluate globe position, the Hertel exo halmometer remains the most frequently used c al tool in the evaluation of proptosis. The H xophthalmometry, however, has been criticized ts low accuracy and low reproducibility. The diffi ies of this method are well known, including a etry of the lateral orbital rims, compression of issues, parallax errors, and lack of uniform t ique. Subtle degrees of proptosis are difficult etect and even more difficult to measure. In pat ith orbital injury, periorbital edema may lead to nderestimation of protrusion, while a posterior lacement of the lateral orbital rim may cause verestimation of protrusion. Other clinical te iques such as viewing the position of the globes ids from above the brows or insertion of finge etween the inferior orbital rims and globes w imultaneous palpation of corneal apices can giv ough clinical orientation, but are not precise eno or measurement and documentation. Furthermor he clinician must be aware of several condition hich proptosis is more apparent than real, for mple, in unilateral lid retraction, in which the