Luminescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanocomposites for emission intensity and lifetime rapid sensing of tenuazonic acid mycotoxin

Abstract Tenuazonic acid ((5S)-3-acetyl-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-one, TeA) is a widespread Alternaria fungi mycotoxin in food produce. This toxin may be allergenic and provoke hay fever and asthma. Therefore, rapid methods to selectively detect TeA are needed. With this aim, we have engineered a novel trifunctional (red-luminescent, polymerizable, TeA-sensitive) ruthenium(II)-bipyridyl complex with 2,2′-biimidazole. Its peripheral N–H moieties recognize the enolate form of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (including TeA) in partially aqueous media. Such a binding decreases the luminescence intensity and lifetime (0.2 μs) of the Ru(II) probe. The probe also bears acrylate groups that allow radical copolymerization with methacrylamide and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of TeA, to yield 9-nm thick luminescent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) shells onto 200-nm silica cores. The SiO2@Ru-MIP nanocomposite displays a very fast response (