Inflammatory pseudotumor following cord blood transplantation for adult T-cell leukemia

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a human malignancy associated with human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type-1 and diagnosed based on clinicopathological findings and the presence of integrated human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type-1 provirus in the DNA of tumor cells.1 Despite recent progress in combination chemotherapy regimens, acute-type ATL usually has a poor prognosis.2 Allogeneic SCT is expected to be another therapeutic option for patients with ATL.3, 4 Recently, cord blood transplantation (CBT) has been used for adult patients with hematological malignancies as donor coordination is not necessary, and the incidence and severity of acute GVHD are lower than those for BMT.5 Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare tumor that can occur in various organs and tissues.6 Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, the terms inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor or inflammatory myofibrohistiocytic proliferation have been proposed as being more descriptive of IPT arising in the lung.7 IPT of different organs associated with hematopoietic SCT (HSCT), although rare, has also been reported.8 We describe a patient who developed a lung IPT after CBT. To the best of our knowledge, this report of lung IPT after CBT is also the first report of any IPT after CBT.