Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Profile of Benign and Malignant Oral Vascular Lesions.

This study assessed the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of benign and malignant vascular lesions using Factor VIII Related-Antigen (FVIIIRAg), CD31, CD34, VEGF, Ki-67, SMA (smooth-muscle actin), and D2-40. Eighty-one cases were collected: 15 VN (vascular neoplasms) (mean age of 43.34 ± 19.45 years old, 1.2:1 male:female ratio) and 66 VA (vascular anomalies) (mean age of 45.70 ± 19.66 years old, 1.37:1 male:female ratio). Most VN and VA were located on the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa. VN showed increased endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and VA revealed dilated vascular channels lined by flat EC. Hemangiosarcoma demonstrated clusters of epithelioid and spindle cells and expressed immunoreactivity to panendothelial cell markers (CD31, CD34, and FVIIIRAg), Ki-67, VEGF, and D2-40. CD34 is the most consistent vascular EC marker, whereas, Ki-67 and VEGF are useful in delineating VN from VA. For differential diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma, panendothelial cell markers and D2-40 is recommended.