A Cross-Layer Measurement Approach to Assess LoRa Wireless Technology in Presence of Noise

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm refers to the extension of the internet network to the world of physical objects (“things”), embedded with sensors, actuators, and other technologies that allow them to evolve and become smarter and connected (“smart things”) [1]. The physical objects can be anything. The smart objects can sense, monitor, react to the environment, and communicate autonomously the information they process and collect to other smart things or cloud services. A set of smart things can interact together to realize amazing smart applications that improve users' experience, quality of life, and safety [2]. The easiest service provided by IoT is the ability to remotely control and monitor the physical environment over the internet network. As an example, thanks to IoT it is possible today to easily monitor heart rate, manage home lighting, check the availability of parking and much else besides [3]. IoT applications are rapidly changing environments and ecosystems, giving rise to smart cities, smart grids, smart industry, smart communities, etc. The opportunities offered by IoT are endless, since IoT can make everything smart (Internet of Everything - IoE) [4].