Study of Prevalence and Lifestyle Related Correlates of Overweight and Obesity Among Rural Adolescents of Western Maharashtra

Context: India is in a nutritional transitional phase; hence overweight and obesity is also on the rise. Nutritional assessment should begin right from adolescence as it is the transition between childhood and adulthood, hence focusing on this age group would not only prevent disease emergence but also promote a healthy life style in them. Aim: To determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and the risk factors associated with it. Methods: A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted between May to July 2018 in randomly selected schools of Karad Taluka. 300 adolescents, 12–15 years of age were interviewed using a pretested and semi-structured proforma. Height, weight and Body mass index (BMI) were measured using standard methodology. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined using Indian Association of Pediatrics (IAP) age and gender-specific BMI standards and the risk factors were assessed. Statistical analysis used: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square, mean, standard deviation and odds ratio were applied. A P-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 27(9%) and obesity was 15(5%). Overweight was more in females 13(48.14%) while obesity in males 12(80%). Frequent consumption of fast food, carbonated drinks, snacks and spending 1hr or more daily on television were found to be a significant risk factors for overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity is on a rise even in rural areas. Education and awareness on healthy eating along with physical activity and lifestyle modifications if made in this age will be easily accepted and followed thus bringing significant differences.