Perioperative, Pathologic, and Early Continence Outcomes Comparing Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Display Systems for Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy—A Retrospective, Single-Surgeon Study

Abstract Purpose: To examine perioperative, pathologic, and early continence outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP) aided by a new-generation three-dimensional (3D) display system and compare them with those from the same operation aided by a conventional, two-dimensional (2D) display system. Patients and Methods: A total of 95 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic RP for clinically localized prostate cancer (PC) by an experienced single surgeon from October 2009 to December 2012. Baseline characteristics, perioperative and pathologic variables, and continence data at 3 months after surgery were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Categoric and continuous variables were compared using chi-square, Student t, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, as appropriate. Results: A total of 29 patients underwent laparoscopic RP using a 3D display system and 66 patients underwent laparoscopic RP using a 2D display system. The two groups were comparable for all clinical and pat...