A comparative study between open and laparoscopic approach in radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder

Abstract Objective Probably, laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal neobladder and neovesicourethral anastomosis is one of the most complex procedures in minimally invasive surgery. Materials and methods Prospective study carried out in 72 patients surgically treated for invasive bladder neoplasia between January 2008 and October 2013. Patients underwent radical cystectomy with ileal neobladder (open approach in 33 patients and laparoscopic approach in 39). The study assessed comparatively surgical outcomes, continence rate and postoperative complications. Results Mean age was 63.5 ± 9 years (64.3 open vs. 62.7 laparoscopic, p  = 0.46), mean surgery time 323.6 ± 78.7 minutes (321.3 vs. 326.5, p  = 0.77), average hospital stay 14.8 days ± 8.1 (16.2 vs. 13.6, p  = 0.2), transfusion rate 40.3% (66.7% vs. 17.9%, p p  = 0.01). Major complications were reported in 29.1% of cases (39.4% open vs. 20.5% laparoscopic, p  = 0.07). With a mean follow-up rate of 42.5 ± 19.2 months (range 15–70), 50 (69.4%) patients remained alive and free of disease. Continence was evaluated in these patients: total continence rate was 38% (50% vs. 27%, p  = 0.09) and diurnal continence rate 58% (70.8% vs. 46.1%, p  = 0.07). Self-catheterization rate was 8% (4.2% vs. 11.5%, p  = 0.67). Total incontinence rate was 34% (25% vs. 42.3%, p  = 0.19). Conclusion According to our experience, transfusion rate, number and severity of complications are lower in laparoscopic cystectomy with ileal neobladder. No statistically significant impact on operative time and on hospital stay was observed. In patients undergoing laparoscopic approach, continence rate is lower but not statistically significant.