Nano-Infiltration for Enhancing Microwave Attenuation in Polystyrene-Nanoparticle Composites
2020
Polymer-based
composites have emerged as promising candidates for
microwave attenuation. It is now understood that, in order to enhance
this attenuation, the amount of functional nanoparticles in the system
has to be very high. However, this is limited by the processing challenges
because the mixing parameters affect the way the nanoparticles are
dispersed in a polymer nanocomposite. Although it is possible to achieve
good mixing with the help of current state-of-art technology, the
maximum amount of nanoparticles that can be incorporated is limited
by several factors. Herein, a unique strategy (nanoinfiltration) is
described to increase the filler concentration based on the dynamics
of polymer chains in the presence of a solvent that is reported for
increasing the filler concentration. Upon spin coating of a polymer
solution containing well-dispersed nanoparticles, the solvent causes
the polymer to swell, thereby increasing the available free volume
where the nanoparticles can get trapped. Interesting morphologies
were observed when nanoparticles of different shapes [spherelike Fe3O4, rodlike multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs),
and sheetlike graphene oxide (GO) and also hybrid structures like
reduced graphene oxide, rGO–Fe3O4 and
rGO–MoS2 were spin-coated. This establishes
a strong correlation between the morphology of the nanoparticles and
the free volume and characteristic length of the polymer chain. This
approach was extended to design conducting nanocomposites in order
to explore them for EMI shielding applications. Herein, we have employed
nanoinfiltration to embed different nanoparticles into a composite
of recycled polystyrene with multiwalled carbon nanotube (PS–MWCNT).
It was observed that the shielding effectiveness of PS–MWCNT
was enhanced up to −35 dB after being subjected to nanoinfiltration
with rGO–MoS2. In order to evaluate the efficacy
of this strategy, PS–MWCNT was sandwiched between two sheets
of porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) containing rGO–MoS2. In doing so, a sharp decrease in the value of the EMI shielding
effectiveness was observed. This hence suggests that nanoinfiltration
proves to be a useful tool to enhance the radiation shielding property
of conducting nanocomposites.
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