Composite laser-pulses spectroscopy for high-accuracy optical clocks: a review of recent progress and perspectives.
2018
Probing an atomic resonance without disturbing it is an ubiquitous issue in physics. This problem is critical in
high-accuracy spectroscopy or for the next generation of atomic optical clocks. Ultra-high
resolution frequency metrology requires sophisticated interrogation schemes and robust protocols handling pulse length errors and residual frequency detuning offsets .
This review reports recent progress and perspective in such schemes, using sequences of composite laser-pulses
tailored in pulse duration, frequency and phase, inspired by NMR techniques and quantum information processing.
After a short presentation of Rabi technique and NMR-like composite pulses allowing efficient compensation of
electromagnetic field perturbations to achieve robust population transfers, composite laser-pulses are investigated
within Ramsey's method of separated oscillating fields in order to generate non-linear compensation of probe-induced
frequency shifts.
Laser-pulses protocols such as Hyper-Ramsey (HR), Modified Hyper-Ramsey (MHR), Generalized Hyper-Ramsey (GHR)
and hybrid schemes are reviewed. These techniques provide excellent protection against both probe induced
light-shift perturbations and laser intensity variations. More sophisticated schemes generating synthetic
frequency-shifts are presented. They allow to reduce or completely eliminate imperfect correction of probe-induced
frequency-shifts even in presence of decoherence due to the laser line-width.
Finally, two universal protocols are presented which provide complete elimination of probe-induced frequency shifts in
the general case where both decoherence and relaxation dissipation effects are present by using exact analytic
expressions for phase-shifts and the clock frequency detuning.
These techniques might be applied to atomic, molecular and nuclear frequency metrology, mass spectrometry as well as precision spectroscopy.
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