La levure modèle et outil… aussi pour la recherche thérapeutique

Yeast has been used for thousands of years as a leavening agent and for alcoholic fermentation, but it is only in 1857 that Louis Pasteur described the microorganism at the basis of these two tremendously important economic activities. From there, yeast strains could be selected and modified on a rational basis to optimize these uses, thereby also allowing the development of yeast as a popular eukaryotic model system. This model led to a cornucopia of seminal discoveries in cell biology. For about two decades yeast has also been used as a model and a tool for therapeutic research, from the production of therapeutics and the development of diagnostic tools to the identification of new therapeutic targets, drug candidates and chemical probes. These diverse chemobiological applications of yeast are presented and discussed in the present review article.