Risk Factors of Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) implies invasion of the urinary tract by pathogens, which may involve the upper or lower urinary tract depending on the infection in the kidney or bladder and urethra. UTI are the third most common bacterial infection in children in developing countries. The risk factors that predisposes to UTI are diverse and should be evaluated during diagnosis. Objective: To estimate risk factors of febrile UTI patient in children. Study design: In this case control study, a total of 50 cases and 50 controls were enrolled purposively and conveniently and was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Department of Pediatrics, of Comilla Medical College Hospital, Comilla, Bangladesh between February 2013 to December 2013. Methods: Cases were selected following clinically suspected by fever, dysuria, urgency, frequency, incontinence, tender renal angle and on urine analysis having >10 pus cells/HPF. Then they were confirmed by urine culture whose urine growth were >105colony forming unit per ml. Controls were selected from the patients admitted for other diseases in the Pediatrics ward. Cases and controls were searched for risk factors of urinary tract infection. Data were collected by a preformed structured questionnaire. Results: Study showed that female sex (P<0.05), constipation (P<0.001), not taking anthelmintic (P<0.001), lack of toilet training (P<0.001) and inadequate water intake (P<0.01) were significant risk factors for urinary tract infection in children and there was no relationship between school going and UTI. Conclusion: Female sex, constipation, not taking anthelmintic, lack of toilet training and inadequate water intake are significant risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in children.