Coincidence of craniocerebral and craniofacial injuries

Abstract Purpose To determine the incidence of craniocerebral injuries in patients who experienced upper facial or midfacial traumas associated with the disorders of consciousness. To find which types of craniofacial traumas predisposed to craniocerebral injuries. To analyze a relationship between the site of the force application and the type of resultant craniocerebral injury. Materials and methods The study included 3,481 patients with upper facial and midfacial traumas. All 425 patients with craniofacial traumas and disorders of consciousness at the time of the event or hospital admission, were qualified for computed tomography (CT) of the head. Results In 85/425 patients (20%), 70 men and 15 women (age 14–71 years), craniofacial trauma coincided with a craniocerebral injury. Upper facial dislocation and zygomatic-orbital-maxillary complex fracture significantly more often co-existed with skull, dura mater or cranial nerve injuries, and zygomatico-orbital fracture with the injuries of the brain. Application of force both centrally and laterally to the horizontal plane predisposed to skull, dura mater and cranial nerve injuries. Conclusion The recommendation to perform head CT in each patient with craniofacial trauma who experienced the disorders of consciousness is as simple as possible, yet provides high diagnostic sensitivity, facilitating proper management at initial stages post-injury.