From nanomelting to nanobeads: Nanostructured SbxBi1-x alloys anchored in three-dimensional carbon frameworks as a high-performance anode for potassium-ion batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are considered a favorable candidate for large-scale electric energy storage system applications owing to the abundance and low-cost of potassium resources. Herein, a series of three-dimensional pomegranate-like SbxBi1−x@C composites are fabricated by a modified Pechini sol–gel method. As an anode for KIBs, the Sb0.5Bi0.5@C composite exhibits the optimal performance (382 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1). More importantly, the synergistic effects in the binary alloy bring a promising long-term cycle life (83% capacity retention after 400 cycles) for Sb0.5Bi0.5@C. The ex situ X-ray diffraction results reveal the K storage mechanism of this material, which is Sb0.5Bi0.5 ↔ KSb0.5Bi0.5 ↔ K3Sb0.5Bi0.5 during discharge and charge processes. In addition, a full cell constructed by coupling Sb0.5Bi0.5@C with a Prussian blue cathode delivers outstanding electrochemical performance.