Diverse oxidation behaviors of metal carbide solutions in high-temperature water vapor

Abstract Carbide solid solutions show diverse oxidation behaviors at 1000–1400 °C in water vapor. (Ti,Nb,Ta,Hf,Zr)C and (Ti,Nb,Ta,Hf)C exhibit parabolic or near-parabolic oxidation kinetics, while the oxidations of (Ti,Nb,Ta) and (Ti,Nb)C are mainly controlled by linear oxidation kinetics. The oxidation kinetics of (Ti,Nb,Ta,Hf,Zr)C shows a tendency of transition from parabolic to linear oxidation rate law with increasing temperature. On the contrary, a tendency of transition from linear to parabolic rate law with increasing temperature was observed in (Ti,Nb)C, which exhibits the highest oxidation resistance at investigated temperatures. The presence of dense Nb-doped TiO2 oxidation layer is responsible for the high oxidation resistance.