Comparison of the effect of long-term fertilizer application on soil nutrients and wheat yield under different soil types

Based on results from 19-year long-term fertilization experiments in Beijing and Hunan,the effect of different fertilization applications on soil nutrients,wheat yield and yield components under different soil types was studied.The results showed that organic and inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium.Meanwhile,disproportion in chemical fertilize application has led to lower soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,which was relatively evident in red soil.Organic and inorganic fertilizer application can also increase wheat yield by 788.32% in the red soil and 828.05% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil and the fertilizer contribution was respectively 88.74% in the red soil and 89.22% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil.The NPK treatment led to significant wheat yield difference in two soil types,and the yield increasing potential in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil was higher than that in red soil.However,the NK treatment caused wheat yield loss,with a 15.86% reduction in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil and no yields in the red soil.Based on the results,two ways were found to increase wheat yield under different soil types.The first way is that application of phosphorus fertilizer and increase the number of wheat spike of P fertilizer and increase the number of wheat spike will improve wheat yield in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil;The other way is that application of organic fertilizer and increase the number of grains per spike of wheat will improve wheat yield in the red soil.