The Psychopharmacology of Hallucinations: Ironic Insights into Mechanisms of Action

Research into the psychopharmacology of hallucinations comes from two branches: hallucinogenic agents and agents for the treatment for psychosis. Derived from these insights, the molecular mechanisms of hallucinations are numerous. The neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate have demonstrated roles in hallucinations. Likewise, several adrenergic, anticonvulsant, and cholinergic mechanisms have been linked to hallucinations. Lastly, recent research into transcranial magnetic stimulation also gives clues to the mechanisms of hallucinations. Drawing on the field in its entirety gives an overall picture of the psychopharmacology of hallucinations, including current treatments and hints to future therapies.