Long-term amikacin liposome inhalation suspension in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection.

Abstract Background . In CLEAR-108—a phase 3, randomised, open-label study—once-daily amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) was noninferior to twice-daily tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) in improving lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection after 3 treatment cycles (28 days on/28 days off). The CLEAR-110 extension study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01316276; EudraCT: 2011-000443-24) assessed long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ALIS in eligible patients who completed CLEAR-108. Methods . Patients received once-daily ALIS 590 mg for 12 treatment cycles (96 weeks). Patients were grouped by prior treatment: the “prior-ALIS” cohort received ALIS in CLEAR-108, and the “ALIS-naive" cohort received TIS in CLEAR-108. Results . Overall, 206 patients (prior-ALIS, n=92; ALIS-naive, n=114) entered CLEAR-110 and received ≥1 dose of ALIS. Most patients (88.8%) experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) through day 672 (end of year 2). Most TEAEs (72.3%) were mild or moderate in severity. Severe TEAEs were reported in 31 patients (15.0%). Two life-threatening TEAEs (haemoptysis; intestinal obstruction) and 1 death (cardiac failure) were reported. Twenty-one patients (10.2%) discontinued treatment due to a TEAE (mostly infective pulmonary exacerbation of CF). Mean change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted at day 672 was −3.1% (prior-ALIS, −4.0%; ALIS-naive, −2.3%). Mean change from baseline in sputum density of P. aeruginosa at day 672 was 0.02 (prior-ALIS, −0.16; ALIS-naive, 0.19) log CFU/g. Conclusions . Long-term treatment with ALIS was well tolerated with a favourable adverse event profile and demonstrated continued antibacterial activity in CF patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection.