Second primary cutaneous melanoma in patients with advanced melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies.

Cases of second primary cutaneous melanoma (SPCM), which were mostly BRAF-wild type, have been reported in BRAF-inhibitor-treated advanced cutaneous melanoma patients.1 Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 (anti-PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) nivolumab and pembrolizumab have also revolutionized the prognosis of these patients, but 10-15% of them experience grade 3-4 adverse events according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events The risk of developing a SPCM in this population has not been reported and could be reduced by anti-PD-1 treatment.