Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a nationwide survey

Findings 19 500 households were visited. The national crude mortality rate of 2·1 deaths per 1000 per month (95% CI 1·6–2·6) was 40% higher than the sub-Saharan regional level (1·5), corresponding to 600 000 more deaths than would be expected during the recall period and 38 000 excess deaths per month. Total death toll from the conflict (1998–2004) was estimated to be 3·9 million. Mortality rate was higher in unstable eastern provinces, showing the effect of insecurity. Most deaths were from easily preventable and treatable illnesses rather than violence. Regression analysis suggested that if the effects of violence were removed, all-cause mortality could fall to almost normal rates. Interpretation The conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo remains the world’s deadliest humanitarian crisis. To save lives, improvements in security and increased humanitarian assistance are urgently needed.