Wax versus plastinated models in teaching human anatomy to health-care professionals. A randomized crossover trial

Introduction: Teaching anatomy moved from teacher-centered to student-centered learning. Three-dimensional models help to improve self-learning of basic concepts other than anatomical spatial relationships. Wax and plastinated models were compared for appropriateness and safety in teaching human anatomy to health-care professionals. Material and Methods: Randomized crossover trial. The CONSORT checklist for randomized crossover trials was followed. Eighteen volunteer physiotherapy students at the University of Padova were randomized into two crossing-over groups applying to wax and plastinated heart models. Final Likert survey scales were administered. Results: They reported that the wax models presented a more pleasant smell, a better chromatic appearance, and superior ease of handling than plastinated models, with a higher degree of perceived biological safety. Wax models were judged less suitable for educational use and for clarifying anatomical doubts, both in assessing external and internal anatomical details. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the plastinated models were considered more suitable for educational use in teaching internal and external anatomical details. The wax models showed a better appearance, ease of handling, and a minor perceived biological hazard.