DNAPL characterization using the Ribbon NAPL sampler: Methods and results

The Ribbon NAPL Sampler (RNS) is a direct sampling device that provides detailed depth discrete mapping of Non Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) in a borehole. This characterization method provides a yes or no answer to the presence of NAPLs and is used to complement and enhance other characterization techniques. Several cone penetrometer deployment methods are in use and methods for other drilling techniques are under development. The RNS has been deployed in the vadose and saturated zones at four different sites. Three of the sites contain DNAPLs from cleaning and degreasing operations and the fourth site contains creosote from a wood preserving plant. A brief description of the process history and geology is provided for each site. Where available, lithology and contaminant concentration information is provided and discussed in context with the RNS results.