Pattern of Risk Factors and Angiographic Features of Coronary Artery Disease in a Sample of Young Egyptian Patients

Objectives: this study aimed to study the pattern of risk factors & angiographic features of CAD in young patient aged < 45 in comparison with older patients in a sample of Egyptian patients. Background: Egypt is one of the developing countries where cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Purpose of the present study was to assess the risk factors, clinical presentation, angiographic profile including severity of young adults (aged < 45 years) with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Our study was a prospective, cross sectional study conducted at multicenter hospitals included 300 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), group I comprised of one hundred patients aged < 45 years old and group II comprised of two hundred patients ≥ 45 years old who underwent coronary angiography at National Heart Institute, Menoufia university hospital from October 2018 to April 2019. Results: Smoking and positive family history were significantly higher in group I with age (<45 years) than group II (≥45years). HTN, DM, obesity were significantly higher in group II with age (≥45years) than group I (<45 years). The most common clinical presentation was STEMI were significantly higher in group I than group II & SCAD was in the second order with significantly higher in group II than in group I. One vessel and two vessel disease were most prominent in group I versus group II while MVD was most prominent in group II versus group I with significant P value 0.010. Type A and B lesions were the most common types of lesion in group I, while type C lesion was more common in group II than group I, with significant P value (0.019). Calcified, bifurcational and ostial lesions were most prominent in group II with highly significant P value (<0.001) in calcified lesions. Conclusion: Primordial prevention about smoking cessation and life style modification in cutting down obesity will be important epidemiological tool. Awareness on this topic, importance of golden hour and early diagnosis and treatment will have huge economic impact as sizeable number of patients present late.