Nanoparticle as a powerful tool to penetrate the Blood-brain barrier in the treatment of Neurodegenerative disease: Focus on recent advances

Neurodegenerative disorders are diseases that are responsible for the malfunctioning of the brain and peripheral nervous system. The drugs that are mainly used for therapeutic purpose is to cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) because this barrier allows specific nutrients that are helpful for the treatment of these neurodegenerative disorders. The BBB is a closely packed layer of endothelial cells that inhibits undesirable substance to enter the brain. Therefore Nanotechnology plays an important role because it acts as a well-organized drug delivery system that could help in penetrating the BBB and produce fruitful treatment for neurodegenerative dysfunction such as Alzheimer and Parkinsonism. A nanoparticle has been utilized in-vivo to secure the medicament in systemic distribution and drug will be released to the site of action in a prolonged and controlled manner. Most prominent treatments for this disorder are unavailable due to the deficient penetrability of therapeutic drugs. Theranostic strategies are familiar to combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. This review tells about the administration of drugs to cross the brain and the importance of using nanoparticles as an efficient theranostic platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.