The diagnostic utility of Ana, dsDNA and complement levels in patient with suspected autoimmune disease

The Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and dsDNA are commonly used as a screening test for various suspected connective tissue disorders and autoimmune diseases. They help to monitor disease activity along with diagnostic and prognostic assessment. Systemic lupus erythematosus. (SLE) is one of the main immune complex mediated disease. Antibodies to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) are most sensitive for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Infectious and environmental factors which, mainly include seasonal variation, interact for the autoimmune disease development. The seasonal variation found in ANA and dsDNA tend to increase during the colder months. Anti dsDNA in combination with the levels of complement proteins C3 and C4, fluctuate with changes in disease activity and are indicators of disease flare. Serum samples were obtained from Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung hospital. Serum samples were tested for the presence of ANA. The dsDNA and complement levels were done in the suspected SLE patients. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of ANA and anti dsDNA using Elisa in patient with suspected autoimmune disease along with the level of complement proteins by Nephleometry technique. Newer techniques like immune florescence can be used for better results.