Acute respiratory failure associated with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome.

Wiedermann FJ, Mayr A, Schobersberger W, Knotzer H, Sepp N, Rieger M, Hasibeder W, Mutz N (The Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, In- nsbruck, Austria). Acute respiratory failure asso- ciated with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (Case Report). J Intern Med 2000; 247: 723-730. We present a case of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with acute respiratory failure due to alveolar haemorrhage associated with antiphospho- lipid antibodies in a 42-year-old woman with a medical history of antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Severe respiratory failure, circulatory shock and acute renal failure necessitated artificial ventilation, inotropic and vasopressor therapy, and continuous venovenous haemofiltration. A tentative diagnosis of haemorrhagic lupus pneumonitis or pulmonary manifestation of antiphospholipid syn- drome was made. Lupus anticoagulant, IgG antic- ardiolipin and anti-b2-glycoprotein I antibodies were positive. High-dose glucocorticoid, anticoagulation with heparin, plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide improved her clinical condition. Despite this, the patient died several days later of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage. This case illustrates the uncommon manifestation of acute respiratory failure associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.