Bio-electrochemically extracted nitrogen from residual resources for microbial protein production.

Abstract Upcycling of nutrients from residual resources for producing microbial protein (MP) is an attractive method to valorize residues. In this study, we investigated bio-electrochemical methods to recover ammonia-N, for further production of MP. Reject water and digestate were used for ammonia-N recovery in microbial fuel cell (MFC) system. In one-stage process, ammonia-N recovery was 32 – 42% with 57 – 154 kJ/m3 waste stream of electricity generation. For further enhancing recovery efficiency, a two-stage process was developed, achieving efficiency of 53 – 61%. Subsequently, MP was grown with the extracted ammonia-N, and amino acid concentration was 421 and 272 mg/L under 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Similar essential amino acid content of MP (especially under 25 °C) with the one from fish demonstrated the attractiveness of upcycling residues to proteins. Based on simplified economic evaluation, the produced energy performed the potential to catch 1.63 – 6.54 €/m3 waste stream.