Thoracoscopic practices in India- a survey by Indian chest society

ABSTRACT Background Diagnostic thoracentesis is the initial diagnostic investigation in the workup of an undiagnosed Pleural effusion. However, a significant percentage of pleural effusions remain undiagnosed after this step and after closed pleural biopsy. Medical thoracoscopy (MT) has a high diagnostic yield in these patients. MT is now widely practised in India. This survey endeavours to study the practice of this technique by respiratory physicians in India. Methods An electronic survey called ‘Indian Thoracoscopy survey’ was prepared and conducted under the aegis of Indian Chest Society. In all there were 63 Questions in English prepared and disseminated as a “Google Form” to conduct this survey. The subjects were recruited from the e-mail lists of the three major professional surgeries that serve the interests of the respiratory physicians. The participation in the survey was voluntary and no incentive of any sort was offered to the participants. The survey link was kept open for a 3-month period. Results There were total 659 respondents, whose mean age was 41.5 years and majority of them were males (n=564, 85.6%). The largest group of respondents practiced in corporate/private hospitals (n=315, 47.8%). Only 311 (47.2%) respondents performed MT. Of these, 190 (61.1%) used flex-rigid/semi rigid thoracoscopes. Undiagnosed pleural effusions (N=194;62.4%) and recurrent pleural effusions (N=117; 37.6%) were the most common indications for performing MT. Majority of the thoracoscopists(222, 71.4%) used conscious sedation and a combination of Midazolam and Fentanyl was the most preferred combination (n=238; 76.5%). Most follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for thoracoscope cleaning and disinfection and had safety check lists in place. Conclusion Our survey captures the practice of MT in India. MT seems to be increasing in popularity with significant numbers of respiratory physicians performing the procedure. Respondents felt that MT was a valuable investigation that was underused and more of them wanted to learn. It is safe to perform MT under conscious sedation and local anaesthesia and a boon to patients who required surgical procedures for evaluation of difficult to diagnose pleural diseases. The setup cost is significant and would not justify installation in all centres. The lack of opportunities for training is something that needs to be looked in to.