Effectiveness of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A weighted propensity score analysis

Objectives To evaluate the clinical benefit of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy after radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in routine clinical practice. Methods The present observational study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation post-radical cystectomy in patients with clinically muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer-specific survival and overall survival between the adjuvant chemotherapy group and radical cystectomy alone group were compared using Kaplan–Meier method and log–rank test. After adjusting for background factors using propensity score weighting, differences in cancer-specific survival and overall survival between these two groups were compared. Subgroup analyses by the pathological characteristics were carried out. Results In total, 322 patients were included in the present study. Of these, 23% received adjuvant chemotherapy post-radical cystectomy. Clinicopathological characteristics showed that patients in the adjuvant chemotherapy group were pathologically more advanced and were at higher risk than the radical cystectomy alone group. In the unadjusted population, although it is not significant, the adjuvant chemotherapy group had lower overall survival (3-year overall survival; 61.5% vs 73.6%, HR 1.33, P = 0.243, log–rank test, adjuvant chemotherapy vs radical cystectomy alone). In the weighted propensity score analysis, although it is not significant, the adjuvant chemotherapy group were superior to radical cystectomy alone groups (overall survival: HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39–1.09, P = 0.099, log–rank test, adjuvant chemotherapy vs radical cystectomy alone). Subgroup analyses showed that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduced the hazard ratio of overall survival and cancer-specific survival in the ≥pT3, pN+, ly+ and v+ subgroups. Conclusions Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy might be associated with increased cancer-specific survival and overall survival in patients with high-risk invasive bladder cancer.