Unilateral renal agenesis associated with ovarian cysts in a 19 year old woman in Orlu, South-East Nigeria

Background: Anomalies linked with unilateral renal agenesis are not completely known. Aim: We report here a rare occurrence of ovarian cysts associated with unilateral renal agenesis in Orlu, Nigeria. Methods:  A 19 year-old woman was being evaluated for acute pyelonephritis. Findings: We noted that this patient had acute pyelonephritis on a background of right renal agenesis that was associated with bilateral ovarian cysts. Ovarian cyst in the index patient was an incidental finding whereas acute pyelonephritis, perhaps, was a complication of unilateral renal agenesis. Conclusion: This case report highlights the need for consideration of possibility of ovarian cysts during evaluation of unilateral renal agenesis as many abnormalities of the ovaries, uterus and vagina are associated with renal agenesis and may impact negatively on fertility. Keywords: Unilateral renal agenesis, ovarian cysts, pyelonephritis, urogenital abnormalities, Orlu, Nigeria