Different patterns of brainstem and cerebellar MRI abnormalities in demyelinating disorders with MOG and aquaporin-4 antibodies

The central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorder linked with myelin-associated glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG, termed MOG antibody-associated neurological disorder (MOGAD), is becoming increasingly recognised worldwide.1 MOGAD displays a number of clinical phenotypes, including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis. If the optic nerves and spinal cord are predominantly involved, the disorder appears similar to seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), another CNS inflammatory disease associated with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expressed on astrocytes.1 The two disorders share a common profile: (1) recurrent optic neuritis and myelitis, (2) presence of disease-specific antibodies and (3) immunological characteristics, such as cytokine or T cell profiles and the rare presence of oligoclonal bands.2 3 However, pathological studies have …