Unstented laparoscopic pyeloplasty in young children (1–5 years old): A comparison with a repair using double-J stent or transanastomotic externalized stent

Abstract Objective To evaluate feasibility of unstented laparoscopic pyeloplasty in young children to prevent pyelonephritis and second anaesthesia. Patients and methods During 2006–2013, 70 children (1–5 years old) underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty for high grade hydronephrosis. Unstented repair was indicated in 34 children (GroupL1), double-J stent was placed in 21 patients (Group L2) and uretero-pyelostomy stent (Cook) in 15 patients (Group L3). Stenting was preferred in large thin-walled pelvis, thin ureter, kidney malrotation, and unfavourable course of crossing vessels. The outcome was compared with age-matched group of 52 children who had open surgery during 1996–2006 (Groups O1, O3). Results Operation times were significantly shorter in Groups L1 and L2 than in Group L3; the times were shorter in open repairs. Three patients with crossing vessels from Group L1 had urine leakage and one had obstruction (11.4%). In Group L2, one patient had obstruction, one incorrect placement of the stent, and one girl had serious pyelonephritis (14.3%). In Group L3, displacement of uretero-pyelostomy occurred in one patient (6.7%). There is no statistical difference between laparoscopic groups and between laparoscopic and open groups. Conclusion Unstented laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a safe procedure in selected young children with favourable anatomical conditions preventing additional anaesthesia and stent-related complications.