Leishmaniasis visceral en paciente inmunocompetente

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Its usual transmission form is vectorial. It is currently classified as a neglected tropical disease. Despite this, cases have been increasing in recent years due to three factors: lack of control measures, population movements, and presence of immunosuppression. The case is presented of a 26 year-old male with no previous history, who had a clinical profile of two months non-specific evolution with dysthermic feeling, asthenia, diaphoresis and hyperoxia. On physical examination he had hepatosplenomegaly and the initial laboratory results showed a marked anaemia and neutropenia. A cyto-morphological study of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate were performed that reported a Leishmania parasite infestation, but no evidence of any immunosuppressive factor, which is a regular feature of this disease.