Dénutrition Chez Les Patients Cancéreux À L’hôpital National De Niamey (Niger)

Introduction: Undernutrition is a problem frequently encountered in patients followed for cancer pathology. It is of multifactorial origin and  constitutes an important problem complicating the management of these patients. Methodology: This was a prospective and descriptive study which was conducted from July 1 to September 30 with cancer patients hospitalized in the Onco-Hematology department of Niamey National Hospital. The diagnosis of undernutrition was made on the basis of BMI, albuminemia and weight loss. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition was estimated at 66.70%. All had met the BMI criteria, 54, 38% had hypo albuminemia and 82.40% had lost weight. The age groups between 0 and 15 and over 60 were the most affected with 76.19% and 75% respectively. Cancers at high risk of undernutrition were represented by tumors of the tongue, esophagus and lung tumors. This undernutrition was of multifactorial origin, hence the importance of determining the various risk factors such as: the nature of the tumor, the duration of hospitalization, clinical factors (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and pain). Of the patients who were malnourished under chemotherapy, 84.61% were malnourished after the third (3) course of treatment. Only age was significantly associated with undernutrition (p <0.05). In terms of nutritional management, only six (6) patients had benefited from enteral nutrition, ie 5.9%. No malnourished patient had received parenteral nutrition. Introduction : La denutrition est un probleme frequemment rencontre chez les patients suivis pour pathologie cancereuse. Elle est d'origine multifactorielle et constitue un probleme important compliquant la prise en charge de ces patients. Methodologie : Il s’agissait d’une etude prospective et descriptive qui a ete menee du 1 juillet au 30 Septembre aupres de patients cancereux hospitalises dans le service d’Oncohematologie de l’Hopital National de Niamey. Le diagnostic de la denutrition etait pose sur la base de l’IMC, l’albuminemie et ou de la perte de poids. Resultats : La prevalence de la denutrition etait estimee a 66,70%. Tous avaient repondu aux criteres de l’IMC, 54, 38% avaient une hypoalbuminemie et 82,40% avaient perdu du poids. Les tranches d’âge entre 0 et 15 ans et superieure a 60 ans etaient les plus touchees avec respectivement 76,19% et 75%. Les cancers a haut risque de denutrition etaient representes par les tumeurs de la langue, de l’œsophage et les tumeurs pulmonaires. Cette denutrition etait d'origine multifactorielle, d'ou l'importance de determiner les differents facteurs de risque tels que : la nature de la tumeur, la duree d'hospitalisation, les facteurs cliniques (diarrhee, vomissement, anorexie, et douleur). Parmi les patients qui etaient denutris sous chimiotherapie, 84,61% etaient denutris apres la troisieme (3) cure. Seul l’âge etait associe significativement avec la denutrition (p<0,05). Sur la prise en charge nutritionnelle, six (6) patients seulement avaient beneficie d’une alimentation enterale soit 5,9%. Aucun patient denutri n’avait beneficie d’une alimentation parenterale.