Operation of logic gates (AND, NAND, OR, NOR) with single circuit using BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)

This paper represents the experimentation of the Vortex Tube Refrigeration system. Vortex tube also known as Ranque-Hilsch Vortex tube. A Vortex Tube is a Mechanical Device, which generates cold and hot streams from a single injection of pressurized gas. Without any moving parts or chemical reaction within the tube, the intersecting phenomenon of energy separation results only from fluid dynamic effects. The Control valve is a screw located at the hot end and cold end with thread on it which is used to restrict the flow of air due to which the small forced vortex takes place after stagnation point and free vortex get away through the hot end as hot air and cold end as cold air. At the other end small orifice plate is located to further reduce the temperature Drop. The 2.5 HP compressor is used for experimentation for low pressures. Also, for higher pressures it is difficult with a low capacity compressor to get the accurate results. For this purpose, a model has been developed using experimental data to predict the results for the pressure range of 1to 6 bar. We have attached Thermo-electric module to system to generate electricity without affecting the efficiency of the system.