病毒介导的基因转移技术在海洋无脊椎动物中的研究进展 Research Progress of Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer Technology in Marine Invertebrates

病毒介导的基因转移技术是利用携带外源目的基因的病毒载体、1个或多个包装载体以及包装细胞，模拟病毒的侵染和转移行为，实现将外源目的基因导入宿主细胞的基因转移技术。目前，已建立的比较成熟的病毒基因转移系统包括逆转录病毒、腺病毒、杆状病毒、腺相关病毒和慢病毒系统。这些病毒基因转移系统已在哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫细胞上得到广泛应用，前三种病毒基因转移系统在海洋脊椎动物鱼类中也已得到很好的应用，而在海洋无脊椎动物中，仅能见到逆转录病毒和杆状病毒基因转移系统的应用报道。本文综述了逆转录病毒和杆状病毒介导的基因转移技术在海洋无脊椎动物中的研究进展，并对其应用前景进行了展望。 Virus-mediated gene transfer technology can effectively deliver and introduce exogenous genes into the host cells by simulating the infecting and integrating process of virus using a viral vector carrying foreign target gene, one or more packaging plasmids and packaging cells which provide a place and tool to package and produce virions. Up to date, five virus-mediated gene transfer sys-tems have been well-developed including retrovirus, adenovirus, baculovirus, adeno-associated virus and lentivirus. All of them have been widely used in mammalian, bird and insects and only the first three virus systems have been applied in the marine vertebrates. In contrast, only retrovirus and baculovirus systems have been reported in the marine invertebrates. This review has summarized the research progress of retrovirus and baculovirus systems in the marine inverte-brates and the future of their applications are also prospected.