Determination of the minimum initial intrathecal dose of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine for the surgical repair of a proximal femoral fracture: A prospective, observational trial.

BACKGROUNDFemoral neck fractures usually require operative fixation. Spinal anaesthesia is the preferred technique for many anaesthetists, although single-shot spinal anaesthesia may have severe haemodynamic side-effects.OBJECTIVETo determine the initial minimum intrathecal dose of 0.5% isobaric bup