From risk assessment to regulation

Abstract Pesticides are among the most heavily regulated chemicals, not unlike pharmaceuticals. Human health risks from exposure to pesticides are assessed by integrating information on the hazardous characteristics of the pesticide, usually gained from experimental studies, with data on human exposure. This process allows the setting of health-based guidance values for pesticide operators, bystanders, residents, and consumers who may be exposed through residues in the diet. Pesticide regulation is currently undergoing a paradigm shift with a move away from traditional toxicity assessment of individual substances in experimental animals toward integration of novel assessment methods which allow mechanism-based assessment of multiple exposures.