Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging of left atrial anatomy for atrial fibrillation ablation

Computed tomographic angiography can visualize detailsof left atrial structure relevant for atrial fibrillation (AF) abla-tion. In this example from a patient with a history of paroxys-mal AF referred for pre-ablation assessment of pulmonaryveins, three-dimensional images define pulmonary vein loca-tions and demonstrate an additional small pulmonary veinnear the right lower pulmonary vein (Fig. 1). Endocardial im-ages provide anatomic detail of the spatial relationships be-tween the ostia of the pulmonary veins (Fig. 2). These imagessupplement and enhance the understanding of two-dimension-al images, providing a more comprehensive analysis of atrialstructure for left atrial ablation procedures. Reference