Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From the Cotyloid Fossa Synovium Have Higher Self-renewal and Differentiation Potential Than Those From the Paralabral Synovium in the Hip Joint

Background:Several studies have shown the relationship between poorer clinical outcomes of arthroscopic femoroacetabular impingement syndrome surgery and focal chondral defects or global chondromalacia/osteoarthritis. Although recent studies described good outcomes after the conjunctive application of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), none demonstrated the application of synovial MSCs for cartilaginous hip injuries.Purpose:To compare the characteristics of MSCs derived from the paralabral synovium and the cotyloid fossa synovium and determine which is the better source.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Synovium was harvested from 2 locations of the hip—paralabral and cotyloid fossa—from 18 donors. The number of cells, colony-forming units, viability, and differentiation capacities of adipose, bone, and cartilage were collected and compared between groups. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the differentiation capacity of adipose, bone, and cartilage ti...