Tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia negativa, peculiaridades de su frecuencia en Cuba 1992-2002

Se estimo el aumento o la disminucion porcentual del numero de casos de tuberculosis y las tasas de incidencia en los periodos 1992-1994 y 1994-2002. Del total de 11 216 casos, 9 737 (86,8 por ciento) fueron de tuberculosis pulmonar, entre ellos 30,5 por ciento con baciloscopia negativa. Solo se registraron 1 279 casos (13,1 por ciento) de tuberculosis pulmonar BAAR(-) cultivo (+). Hubo 13,2 por ciento de tuberculosis extrapulmonar. Se produjo un incremento desde 7,2 a 14,7 por 105 habitantes, 24,1 por ciento en la tasa global de incidencia de tuberculosis de 1994 con respecto a 1993 y de 53 por ciento respecto a 1992 (5,8 a 14,7 por 105 habitantes). Desde 1994 hasta 2002 se observo una reduccion sostenida de 48,3 por ciento (6 por ciento por ano), pero las proporciones de las categorias de casos permanecieron estables relativamente. Se observo un incremento importante del numero y la tasa de casos de tuberculosis pulmonar BAAR(-) notificados en el periodo 1992-1994 y una disminucion sostenida desde 1995 hasta 2002, muy posiblemente asociada al fortalecimiento de las medidas de control. The percentage increase or reduction of the number of cases of tuberculosis and the incidence rates in the periods 1992-1994 and 1994-2002 were estimated. Of the total of 11 216 cases, 9 737 (86.8 %) were pulmonary tuberculosis, among them 30.5 % with negative smear. Only 1 279 cases (13.1 %) of smear-negative culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were registered. 13.2 % cases had extra pulmonary tuberculosis. There was an increase from 7.2 to 14.7 per 105 inhabitants that accounted for 24.1 % in the global rate of tuberculosis incidence of 1994 compared with 1993, and of 53 % in comparison with 1992 (5.8 to 14.7 per 105 inhabitants). A sustained reduction of 48.3 % (6 % per year) was observed from 1994 to 2002, but the proportions of the case categories were relatively stable. An important growth of the number and the rate of cases with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis reported in the period 1992-1994 and a sustained decrease between 1995 and 2002 very possibly associated with the strengthening of the control measures were noticed.