Biophysical study to enhancement of apoptosis in colon cancer cell line using silver nanoparticles driven by extremely low frequency magnetic field and electroporation

Extremely low frequency magnetic field (EMF) with an intensity of 0.01 mT is used to intensify the effect of the Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) as an anticancer agent. EMF stimulates the movement and vibration of SNPs that may enhance the apoptotic process in colon cancer (CaCo2 cell lines). Electroporation (EP) is used to improve targeting of cancer cells,where pulsed electric field (200V) creates hydrophilic gaps in cell membrane leading to elevated SNPs transport into colon cancer cells. CaCo2 cell lines are divided into 6 groups according to treatment type. Results show a clear accumulation during the G2/M phase of arrested cells accompanied by an extremely significant apoptotic percentage 7.59 % for cell lines treated with silver nanoparticles, electroporated  and then exposed to electromagnetic field (0.01mT) for 1 hr (EP+ EMF+SNPs+Cells). A significant apoptotic percentage 4.12 % is also reported in the group: EP+SNPs+Cells. The lethal effect of the combination of EP, EMF and SNPs on CaCo2 cell lines is further reinforced by comparing the regulation of apoptotic genes (P53, Caspase-3, BCL-2) with its corresponding values in the control cells. The combination of EP, EMF and SNPs is probably a promising method for colon cancer treatment.