Laparoscopic and Retroperitoneoscopic Nephrectomy

Nephrectomy using MIS was described in pediatric surgery at the beginning of the 1990s [1]. Nephrectomy is probably the most popular urologic indication for the video surgical procedure in children. There are mainly three ways to approach the kidney in MIS: laparoscopy and retroperitoneoscopy, which are the most used techniques adopted in children, and the prone posterior approach adopted rarely by some authors [2–5]. In this chapter the authors will show the main aspects of laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic approach.