Practical Review of the Comprehensive Management of Morel-Lavallée Lesions

Morel-Lavallee lesions have been described in the literature since the mid-19th century, yet contemporary clinical management continues to be challenging and remains variable. These closed degloving injuries are usually seen in the setting of blunt trauma and are due to shearing forces, creating a space for the collection of hemolymphatic fluid. These fluid collections can be persistent despite conservative treatment attempts and can require staged surgical interventions. Methods A literature search of peer-reviewed articles pertaining to Morel-Lavallee lesions was performed. Articles relating to the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications of Morel-Lavallee lesions were included to formulate recommendations for clinical management. Results Fifty-six relevant articles were included in the review. Recognition of these lesions may be delayed and the use of imaging is important in diagnosis. Initial attempts at conservative management may be appropriate for smaller, uncomplicated Morel-Lavallee lesions. Surgical interventions such as open debridement, techniques to close dead space, negative pressure wound therapy, and skin grafts or flaps are critical to managing complex or recurring lesions. An algorithm for the treatment of Morel-Lavallee lesions is proposed based on review of the literature. Conclusions Plastic and reconstructive surgeons are frequently involved in more complex Morel-Lavallee lesions such as those exhibiting delayed healing or super-infection. The skillset needed for successful management of patients with Morel-Lavallee lesions is well within the armamentarium of plastic and reconstructive surgeons.