X-ray diffraction, dielectric and Raman spectroscopy studies of Ba1−xNd2x/3(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 ceramics

Abstract Polycrystalline samples of Ba 1− x Nd 2 x /3 (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 )O 3 (0≤ x ≤0.125) have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. These ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction as well as dielectric permittivity measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The ceramic samples crystallize in the tetragonal perovskite structure for x =0 and in cubic for 0.025≤ x ≤0.125. Dielectric measurements showed that prepared compositions exhibit an evolution from a classical ferroelectric to a relaxor ferroelectric with rising substitution rate x. T C or T m decreases when neodymium (Nd) is introduced in the lattice of Ba(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 )O 3 . A relaxor character with Δ T m =12 K and e' r about 11.650 at 1 kHz with T m =212 K was found for Ba 0.9 Nd 0.06 (Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 )O 3 composition. The evolution of the Raman spectra was studied as a function of compositions and temperatures. The results of the Raman spectroscopy studies confirm our dielectric measurements.