Fractionation techniques in process biotechnology

The application of fractionation techniques to protein purification at a process or industrial scale is reviewed. The principles of various chromatographic separations are described and the choice and selection of available matrices discussed. Gel filtration, ion-exchange hydrophobic interaction and affinity chromatographic techniques can all operate at process scale. HPLC is particularly suitable for process development and scale up without loss of efficiency. Magnetic separation, solvent partitioning and electrophoresis also offer potential for process scale operation. Recent developments also include improved matrices and the application of genetic engineering techniques to design proteins for efficient separation.