An insight on the effect of sodium and silicon on microstructure and crystallography of high alumina cements

Abstract In the present study the influence of minor elements (Na2O and SiO2) on the mineralogy, chemistry and microstructure of High Alumina Cements (HACs) has been investigated. HACs have several advantages respected to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) but the shortage of Al-rich raw materials represents a limiting factor: re-use of Al-rich waste as raw material represents a solution but it will add minor elements to the raw meal that could change HACs properties. For the first time, four commercial HACs, doped with sodium and silicon, and one synthetic HAC, only highly doped in sodium, were studied through a multidisciplinary approach by combining conventional and unconventional analytical techniques. Results highlighted that (i) sodium and silicon were mainly incorporated in a sodium-rich phase (Na-phase, NCA2, Na1.9CaAl3.9Si0.1O8), (ii) no minor phases such as gehlenite and/or mayenite occurred, and (iii) CA (CaAl2O4) and CA2 (CaAl4O7) revealed a limited ionic substitution.