panISa: ab initio detection of insertion sequences in bacterial genomes from short read sequence data

Motivation: The advent of next-generation sequencing has boosted the analysis of bacterial genome evolution. Insertion sequence (IS) elements play a key role in prokaryotic genome organization and evolution, but their repetitions in genomes complicate their detection from short-read data. Results: PanISa is a software pipeline that identifies IS insertions ab initio in bacterial genomes from short-read data. It is a highly sensitive and precise tool based on the detection of read-mapping patterns at the insertion site. PanISa performs better than existing IS detection systems as it is based on a database-free approach. We applied it to a high-risk clone lineage of the pathogenic species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and report 43 insertions of five different ISs (among which three are new) and a burst of ISPa1635 in a hypermutator isolate. Availability and implementation: PanISa is implemented in Python and released as an open source software (GPL3) at https://github.com/bvalot/panISa. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.