Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Combined treatment modality of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is emerging as an alternative option for colorectal peritoneal metastases, but there is ambiguity regarding patient selection, treatment protocols, and efficacy. OBJECTIVE To elaborate on the patient characteristics, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocol and health outcomes in colorectal peritoneal metastases patients undergoing combination of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery and provide guidance for future studies. DATA SOURCES A Medline search for English language studies published between 2004-2019. STUDY SELECTION Medical subject headings and key terms including: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, colorectal peritoneal metastases, colorectal cancer and combinations thereof as per guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall survival, disease-free survival, morbidity and mortality rates. RESULTS Of the 26 included studies, 42% were published between 2016-2019. More than half of the studies were retrospective in nature and conducted in tertiary specialized centers outside of the United States. The median age range was 44 to 62 years. Mitomycin-C based therapy was seen in 50% studies. Mean weighted median DFS for 11 studies was 15 months (9 to 36 months). Median OS ranged from 12 to 63 months, with an average of 33.6 months among 20 studies. Overall morbidity varied from 11% to 56% with a weighted mean of 29% in 18 studies. Mortality ranged from 0 to 34% with a weighted mean of 4% in 15 studies. LIMITATIONS Despite careful study selection, variability in methodology of the included studies can limit review findings. CONCLUSION Due to study heterogeneity, and a recent large, randomized trial showing no overall benefit, use of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in colorectal peritoneal metastases patients is highly controversial. Further standardized controlled studies can help uniformly define and build consensus among the medical community on patient eligibility and the optimal hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques. PROSPERO Registered on March 3, 2020, CRD42020146942.